![]() ![]() Nazi Crimes and the Law (Cambridge University Press, 2008), co-edited with Henry Friedlander, examines the efficacy of national and international law to prosecute perpetrators of Nazi crimes, the centerpiece of twentieth-century state sponsored genocide and mass murder. Shades of Green: Environmental Activism around the Globe(Rowman & Littlefield, 2006), co-edited with with Doug Weiner and Christoph Mauch, represents the diversity of national, regional and international environmental activism, showing that the term "environmentalism" describes a wide range of perceptions, values and interests.Ĭourageous Resistance: The Power of Ordinary People(Palgrave MacMillan, 2007), co-authored by professors of history, political science, and sociology, introduces readers to a spectrum of types of resistance to tyranny and investigates the factors that motivate and sustain opposition to human rights violations. Social Outsiders in Nazi Germany(Princeton University Press, 2001), co-edited with Robert Gellately, reveals the range of groups persecuted under the Nazis and the role of society in their victimization. ![]() His work has been published in seven languages. His interviews have brought to publication the voices of Germans who were otherwise never interviewed about their wartime experiences, not only of Nazi victims but also its perpetrators including Leopold Gutterer, Joseph Goebbels’ Under Secretary of Propaganda. This seminal work has spawned a considerable debate among academics, leading to what Die Zeit called a "historian's controversy" ( kleine Historikerstreit). ![]() It was a co-recipient of the Institute of Contemporary History's Fraenkel Prize, a New Statesman 'Book of the Year', #2 on the German Bestenliste for nonfiction (October, 1999), Main Selection (March-April, 2004) of the Swedish Book Club Clio, and identified by Germany’s leading intellectual weekly Die Zeit as the 'standard work' on the protest." Norton 1996, paperback 2001 with a forward by Walter Laqueur) was published in German (Hanser Verlag/dtv), with a foreword by then German Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer. "His book Resistance of the Heart: Intermarriage and the Rosenstrasse Protest in Nazi Germany (W.W. Hitler's Compromises: Coercion and Consensus in Nazi Germany (Yale University Press, 2016) is a comprehensive and eye-opening examination of Hitler’s regime, revealing the numerous strategic compromises he made in order to manage dissent. His publications include the following books: My most recent book shows that Hitler himself, although well-known for his belief in annihilation, was also well aware that he could not achieve all of his aims through brute force and that he increased his capacity to do evil precisely because he understood the limits of Gestapo terror, even for his dystopian goals. I research the history of nonconformity, popular protest, and the range of ways that power has been exercised without physical force. In the study of Modern European history I am interested in why humans collectivize and the relationship of mass associations to authority, whether of social norms or police force. Popular dictatorships focus mass energies around their own causes in ways that starve any opposition of collective force, much as brute force intimidates resistance. Questions that drew me to the study of history are evoked in my doctoral dissertation at Harvard, “The Social Limitations on the Nazi Dictatorship.” This was necessarily a study of tyranny's social pillars as well, since the degree of popular support for the dictatorship indicates possibilities for limiting it.
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